Tesol Theories

  Also in the 1970s la señal came up with a new methodology called "Suggestopedia". As psychological theory was developing, one of the ideas that came up was something called ?the effective filter?. Basically, the effective filter is a barrier to learning. It's the reasons why we inhibit our learning of a particular language. There are two main elements to the effective filter, two sets of factors, if you like, those are known as internal and external factors. The external factors to learning, the reasons why we have barriers to learning, may be just simple things such as external noise. So, people talking to us while we're trying to learn and so on and so forth. Perhaps more important are these internal factors and the internal factors one of the main things here is our previous...  [Read more]

  Our final methodology is accredited to Jeremy Harmer and it's known by the letters ESA. Around 1998, Jeremy Harmer produced a book called "How to teach English" and basically what Harmer did, is a background to this book is to do what we have done today and to work through all of the different methodologies that have come about over the last 300 years. He highlighted for each of those methodologies what was good about it, what was positive and what didn't appear to work and then put all of the positive things into a melting pot and came out with this methodology, which he called ESA. It's a three-stage methodology, where each of the letters represents a particular phase of the lesson. The first one being called the engage phase, the second the study phase and the final one the...  [Read more]

  So what we're going to do is to run through a series of methodologies that were created mainly in the 1900s that adopted the idea that language learning should be much more communicative, much more natural. The first one is called audiolingualism and it's also called the army method because of where it was developed. Basically, psychology, during the 1950s and 60s, was building up new theories about behaviorism. Perhaps the most famous experiments that were done in this particular area were by Pavlov, where he was showing that most animals undergo a stimulus response mechanism and he had a series of famous experiments, where by ringing a bell, he could cause a dog to salivate, that would be his response, in the expectation of getting some food. This behaviorist idea of stimulus...  [Read more]

  Before we move on to the final methodology for today, let's just recap and see where we are at this point in time. We're looking at different learning methodologies. Each of those methodologies takes its premise from being somewhere on this particular spectrum of ?nature versus nurture? and where we are on this spectrum gives us a starting point for the background or theory to that particular methodology. So, we?ve had a look starting in the 17th century and the classical method and moving on as the ideas of psychology developed to various methods, such as audiolingualism, the silent way, Suggestopedia and TPR. Each of these showing a development as knowledge about learning increased and each of these takes a different starting point on our English spectrum. Below you can read...  [Read more]

  The purpose of grammar translation then is to basically translate between L1 and L2 and vice versa. So, we could take a simple example. Let's imagine that our native language was English and our target language was French and let's assume that we want to translate a document from French into English. Let's take a simple sentence. Here's a sentence in French "Ouvre la fenêtre" and we'll add "s'il vous plaît" at the end. What we want to do is to take this L2 and translate it back into English. Now, if we have a reasonable knowledge of French then we may well know that this particular verb "ouvre" "to open" translates directly and this female form of the and finally the fenêtre "Open the window" and this polite form of "please". This is all very well if the two structures that...  [Read more]

  This presentation is going to focus on the theories, methods and techniques of teaching and we're going to start with a quote. This is an interesting quotation because it contains within it a philosophical argument and it's a philosophical argument in the way in which we learn. Basically, this one is saying that the intelligence of their own children comes about due to a natural process. So this one could be said to be due to nature. This is exactly the opposite of this one, which is saying that they're teaching the environment that we create, creates that intelligence. So this one can be said to be due to nurture and this argument 'nature versus nurture' has been going on for thousands of years. These two viewpoints are two ends of a scale, or a continuum if you like, and every...  [Read more]

  Our next particular methodology is accredited to James Asher around 1965 and is called total physical response. Asher looked at the way in which we learn our native language and he saw that most children, before they even went to school, have picked up a very large percentage of both the grammar and the vocabulary that they would use in their native language before any type of formal schooling. So Asher started to have a look at ideas of how to use the whole of our brain in language learning in the way that we do when we're very young. It's accepted that within our brain there are two hemispheres, one is the left hemisphere the other is the right hemisphere, and one of the functions of the left hemisphere is language learning. One of the major functions of the right hemisphere is...  [Read more]

  "In terms of the things that are negative about it, we've already said that it doesn't develop speaking but perhaps the biggest negative point about this particular methodology is that it's very unnatural. Ok, so despite the criticisms of this particular method, and particularly the fact that is unnatural, this particular methodology was in use all the way through the 17th, 18th and 19th century and indeed it's still in use today. However, Gouin in the 1880s and Berlitz in the early 1900s decided that this particular methodology was so unnatural that they wanted to come up with something new. The method that they came up with, they called the direct method. You will also sometimes see it as the natural method. What these two people were saying is that if we wish to learn a...  [Read more]

  So let's take an example of what those drills might involve. So here is an example of a repetition drill. I will model the language and then my class will repeat after me. So "This is a cup." "Spoon" ? "This is a spoon." "Knife" - "his is a knife." Thank you. The reason that it's called or also called the army method is that it was the method adopted by the United States military who had personnel stationed around the world at the end of Second World War and they realized that they needed those personnel to pick up the language very quickly and one of the positive things about this particular methodology is that you do very quickly learn vocabulary. Another positive thing about it is that you quickly learn the correct pronunciation of that vocabulary. However, there are some...  [Read more]

  Before looking at the methods or approaches themselves, there are some terms that we need to define. These are the approach, the method or the technique. Basically, these are hierarchical. The approach is an overriding set of principles that a method can actually make use of, whereas the technique are the things that we actually do in the classroom to approach that method. So, these three words are going to appear during the presentation. Again, for each of either the approaches all the methodologies we're going to ask four questions. So be it an approach or a method for each of those things: Where did it come from? What's its background? What does it involve when we're talking about actually in the classroom, in other words techniques? What is positive about it? What appears to...  [Read more]

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Check out tefl tesol about TESOL Crainville Indiana and apply today to be certified to teach English abroad. You could also be interested in: This is how our TEFL graduates feel they have gained from their course, and how they plan to put into action what they learned: said: This unit helps us to understand the theories behind teaching English as a second language by showing us several different theories and discussing the benefits and issues within each theory. We learn how these theories help us to create advantageous lesson plans and how to avoid issues such as students learning about the language rather than learning the language itself (as with grammar-translation theory.) We also learn how to develop ESA plans and ideas on what types of activities are...  [Read more]

Check out tefl tesol about TESOL Certification China Gaocheng and apply today to be certified to teach English abroad. You could also be interested in: This is how our TEFL graduates feel they have gained from their course, and how they plan to put into action what they learned: said: This unit covered teaching theories and language acquisition theories, as applied to young learners. This allows teachers to find their own methods and the pedagogy that works best for them. There are four basic styles of learning theories. Additionally, we must consider different methodologies for different ages of young learners. For younger learners, engaging and practicing is the most important. For slightly older students, the ESA style of lesson is effective. Next, the unit covered...  [Read more]

Check out tefl tesol about TESOL Certification Netherlands Utrecht and apply today to be certified to teach English abroad. You could also be interested in: This is how our TEFL graduates feel they have gained from their course, and how they plan to put into action what they learned: said: summary The key objective of this unit is about learning the most used and successful theories, methods and techniques for teaching at different levels of English. The main part of this unit was learning the lesson plan structure ESA(Engage, Study, Activate) this form is commonly known as the straight arrow, but there are different combinations such as the patchwork and boomerang forms and how to effectively use it. It also provides a few examples of common teaching theories in the...  [Read more]

Check out tefl tesol about TESOL Jobs South Africa Umlazi and apply today to be certified to teach English abroad. You could also be interested in: This is how our TEFL graduates feel they have gained from their course, and how they plan to put into action what they learned: said: This unit covered the different theories regarding language acquisition (4 major ones: maturation, constructivism, environmentalism, and other theories). Most teachers and researchers are of agreement that learning a new language is a combination of all of these theories. Children learn both by nature (maturation) and nurture (environmentalism), and many other factors. It is also important when teaching young learners that the age range is taken into consideration, for 5-9-year-olds will be...  [Read more]

Check out tefl tesol about TESOL Certification China Zhengzhou and apply today to be certified to teach English abroad. You could also be interested in: This is how our TEFL graduates feel they have gained from their course, and how they plan to put into action what they learned: said: Unit 2, dedicated to teaching and learning was extremely interesting, although it consisted of many serious parts. I am very interested in psychological aspect of teaching, that's why it was so useful to learn from this Unit about learning and development theories: maturation (which is based on natural biological processes being fundamental), environmental (based on idea that people's behavior is reaction to Ñ‹surroundings), constructivism (which is a fusion of two previous theories)...  [Read more]

Check out tefl tesol about TESOL Certification Jabalpur India and apply today to be certified to teach English abroad. You could also be interested in: This is how our TEFL graduates feel they have gained from their course, and how they plan to put into action what they learned: said: Unit 3 discusses the different the different theories, techniques, and methods that have been used and/or are useful in different situations and levels of language acquisition. Besides a very few theories and methods, most of the theories could be utilized to great benefit in the ESA method, for example memorization on a students own time allows for greater use of engaging activities during class, etc.While the textbooks hold the course information for the class, teaching aids can make...  [Read more]

Check out tefl tesol about TESOL Jobs Philippines Baybay and apply today to be certified to teach English abroad. You could also be interested in: This is how our TEFL graduates feel they have gained from their course, and how they plan to put into action what they learned: said: This unit covers the following sections: general theories of learning and development, native language and language acquisition, suitable approaches to teaching, setting the learning environment, the skills the students want and need from the teaching and distinguishing between maturation. From this unit, I am able to identify the four major groups of learning and behaviour theories and apply the theories to young learners. I can also explain the difference between language acquisition and...  [Read more]

Check out tefl tesol about TESOL Certification China Zaoyang and apply today to be certified to teach English abroad. You could also be interested in: This is how our TEFL graduates feel they have gained from their course, and how they plan to put into action what they learned: said: This third unit deals with theories, methods and techniques to use during a lesson. The first part has a list of theories, which are well explained even through given examples. The second part deals with the ESA method. It firstly goes through the Engage, Study and Activate stages by explaining their main characteristics. Secondly, it provides you with some ideas for all the three stages to put into action while teaching. The third part briefly explains the mistake-error correction and...  [Read more]

Check out tefl tesol about TESOL Jobs Iran Islam Shahr and apply today to be certified to teach English abroad. You could also be interested in: This is how our TEFL graduates feel they have gained from their course, and how they plan to put into action what they learned: said: Unit two starts to move more into the types of theories one would encounter with teaching young learners, the difference between learning your native language vs. acquisition, and the types of learning environments you as a teacher will have to create along with the roles you may have to adopt when leading your class. From this unit I've learned new learning and developmental theories associated with teaching young learners, specifically the four considered to be responsible for much of the...  [Read more]